September 25th, 2012 by European Environment Agency
Almost a third of Europe’s city dwellers are exposed to excessive concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM), which is one of the most important pollutants in terms of harm to human health as it penetrates sensitive parts of the respiratory system.
The EU has made progress over the past decades to reduce the air pollutants which cause acidification, but the report “Air Quality in Europe – 2012” published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) shows that many parts of Europe have persistent problems with outdoor concentrations of PM and ground level ozone.
Janez Potočnik, EU Environment Commissioner said “this report is a timely reminder of how important air quality is to the health of our citizens.”
“This is why I want 2013 to be the Year of Air and why I will focus on strengthening our air quality laws to tackle the problems identified today,” he said.
Professor Jacqueline McGlade, EEA Executive Director, said “European Union policy has reduced emissions of many pollutants over the last decade, but we can go further. In many countries, air pollutant concentrations are still above the legal and recommended limits that are set to protect the health of European citizens.”
“In fact, air pollution reduces human life expectancy by around two years in the most polluted cities and regions,” she said.
The EEA’s ‘Air quality in Europe — 2012 report‘ examines citizens’ exposure to air pollutants and provides a snapshot of air quality in Europe. The report is intended to support the development of more effective clean air policies.
Particulate matter (PM) is the most serious air pollution health risk in the EU, leading to premature mortality.
The report estimates that in 2010, 21 % of the urban population in 2010 was exposed to PM10 concentration levels higher than the most stringent, daily, EU limit value designed to safeguard health.
Up to 30 % of the urban population was exposed to finer PM2.5 concentration levels above the (less stringent) yearly EU limit values.
According to the World Health Organisation car exhaust from petrol engines is possibly carcinogenic to humans (click image to expand - ©RLLord)
According to the WHO reference levels, which are even tighter than those imposed by EU law, respectively up to 81 % and 95 % of urban dwellers were exposed to PM concentrations that exceed the reference values set for the protection of human health – underlining the urgency of the coming review of air legislation.
In recent years, the EEA has published annual information on air pollutant emissions and exceedances of emission ceilings under the National Emission Ceilings (NEC) Directive.
Later this year, the EEA will publish a retrospective analysis of whether the health and environmental objectives of the NEC Directive for 2010 have been met.
The European Commission is preparing a review of EU air legislation in consultation with stakeholders and will put a particular emphasis on air pollution policies in 2013.
Poor air quality can cause heart disease, respiratory problems, lung cancer, breathing difficulties and other illnesses. Some pollutants can lead to eutrophication, reduced agricultural crop yields, decreased forest growth and have an impact on the climate. Emissions of several pollutants have fallen in recent years, resulting in improved air quality in some areas. However, they have not always resulted in a corresponding drop of atmospheric pollutant concentrations. The persistent air quality problems require further efforts in mitigating the emissions of several pollutants.